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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 81: e0065, 2022. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407669

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Os aneurismas intracranianos são dilatações em segmentos arteriais que irrigam o sistema nervoso central. Acometem 2% da população e as alterações oftalmológicas podem ser as primeiras manifestações do quadro. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever um caso de aneurisma de artéria carótida interna que cursou com restrição da movimentação ocular, alteração do reflexo fotomotor, ptose palpebral, dor facial e cervical. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela identificação do aneurisma por meio do exame de angiografia cerebral. Foi realizado teste de oclusão por balão, cujo resultado positivo possibilitou a oclusão total da artéria carótida interna por meio de ligadura cirúrgica, procedimento este realizado com sucesso.


ABSTRACT Intracranial aneurysms are dilations in segments of the arteries that irrigate the central nervous system. They affect 2% of the population and the ophthalmologic disorders may be the first evidence in the clinical examination. The aim of the report is to describe a case of an internal carotid artery aneurysm that showed restrictions of ocular movements, change of pupillary light reflex, palpebral ptosis, facial, and cervical pain. This diagnosis was confirmed by the identification of the aneurysm through angiography. A balloon occlusion test was performed, and its positive result made a complete occlusion of the Internal Carotid Artery possible through surgery ligation, procedure that was successful.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Blepharoptosis/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/complications , Carotid Artery, Internal/pathology , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Ophthalmoplegia/etiology , Facial Pain/etiology , Cerebral Angiography , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery, Internal/surgery , Carotid Artery, Internal/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Neck Pain/etiology , Balloon Occlusion
2.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 73(1): 20-26, feb. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388783

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Entre el 50% al 80% de los pacientes con un ictus, presentan lesión de la arteria carótida común o interna, de estos un 15% a 30% quedan con discapacidad severa, y el 20% requiere de institucionalización. Objetivo: Analizar las variables epidemiológicas involucradas en la estenosis carotídea y los resultados a mediano-largo plazo de la endarterectomía carotídea. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, donde se analizan 103 endarterectomías carotídeas sucesivas, realizadas en 97 pacientes, en un período de 12 años (2007 a 2018), en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Dr. Eduardo Pereira de Valparaíso, Chile. Resultados: Sexo masculino 64,9%, edad promedio 70,2 años, sintomáticos 65,9%, presentación clínica más frecuente el ataque isquémico transitorio (48,4%), morbilidad global inmediata del procedimiento 20,3%, AVE perioperarorio 3,9% (ninguno discapacitante), disfunción de nervios periféricos 5,8%, mortalidad operatoria 70% y cuando se efectúa en un plazo menor a 2 semanas del evento isquémico. Conclusión: La endarterectomía carotídea sigue siendo el procedimiento quirúrgico de elección para tratar la estenosis carotídea severa; realizada en centros con experiencia, es un procedimiento seguro y eficaz en la prevención del infarto cerebral.


Introduction: Between 50 and 80% of patients with a stroke, have lesions of the common or internal carotid artery, of these 15 to 30% are severely disabled, and 20% require institutionalization. Aim: To analyze the epidemiological variables involved in carotid stenosis, and the medium to long-term results of carotid endarterectomy. Materials and Method: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study, analyzed 103 successive carotid endarterectomies procedures in 97 patients, in a period of 12 years (2007 to 2018), in the Surgery Department of the Dr. Eduardo Pereira Hospital, Valparaíso, Chile. Results: Male sex 64.9%, average age 70.2 years, symptomatic 65.9%, most frequent clinical presentation, transient ischemic attack (48.4%), immediate global morbidity of the procedure 20.3%, peri-operative AVE 3.9% (none disabling), peripheral nerve dysfunction 5.8%, operative mortality 70%, and when performed within a period less than 2 weeks of the ischemic event. Conclusion: Carotid endarterectomy remains the surgical procedure of choice, to treat severe carotid stenosis, performed in experienced centers, it is a safe and effective procedure in the prevention of cerebral ischemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Endarterectomy, Carotid/adverse effects , Perioperative Care/methods , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Endarterectomy, Carotid/methods , Endarterectomy, Carotid/trends
3.
J. vasc. bras ; 19: e20190027, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1091015

ABSTRACT

Resumo Contexto A espectroscopia próxima ao infravermelho (NIRS) é uma técnica não invasiva que detecta as alterações hemodinâmicas teciduais. A NIRS pode monitorar de forma contínua as informações fisiológicas vasculares intracranianas. Por ser portátil, ela pode ser utilizada à beira do leito e no centro cirúrgico. Objetivos Avaliar as possíveis alterações hemodinâmicas cerebrais durante a endarterectomia em pacientes com estenoses maiores que 70% utilizando NIRS. Métodos Foram avaliados 10 voluntários portadores de doença carotídea aterosclerótica com indicação de endarterectomia. Após a seleção dos pacientes, que responderam um questionário com dados epidemiológicos e informações referentes à presença de comorbidades, a doença foi confirmada por métodos diagnósticos. No procedimento cirúrgico, utilizou-se a NIRS para monitorização. Foram avaliadas as variáveis saturação de oxigênio (SatO2), hemoglobina total (HbT), hemoglobina reduzida (HbR) e hemoglobina oxigenada (HbO) nos três tempos cirúrgicos pré-, trans e pós-clampeamento carotídeo. Utilizou-se p < 0,05 como nível de significância. Resultados A avaliação dos resultados obtidos por meio das medidas registradas pela NIRS permite afirmar que HbR e SatO2 variam ao longo das etapas da cirurgia. Durante o clampeamento, a variável HbR mostra valores mais elevados que nas outras duas etapas da cirurgia. Por outro lado, a variável SatO2 mostra redução durante o clampeamento. Conclusões A NIRS é um método viável e aplicável de monitorização intracerebral, não invasivo e em tempo real, durante a endarterectomia carotídea, capaz de medir de forma precisa as mudanças das condições hemodinâmicas capilares intracerebrais.


Abstract Backgrounds Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is non-invasive technique that detects hemodynamic alterations in tissues. It enables continuous monitoring of intracerebral vascular physiologic information. Due to its portable nature, NIRS may be used bedside or in the operating room. Objectives To evaluate use of NIRS for intraoperative monitoring of the brain hemodynamic response, during carotid endarterectomy. Methods 10 patients with atherosclerotic carotid disease scheduled for endarterectomy were evaluated. After patients had been selected, they answered a questionnaire on epidemiological data and information about comorbidities and then carotid disease was confirmed with diagnostic methods. NRIS monitoring was used during the surgical procedure. The variables analyzed before, during and after carotid clamping were oxygen saturation (SatO2), total hemoglobin (THb), reduced hemoglobin (RHb), and oxyhemoglobin (OHb). A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The results obtained from NIRS show that RHb and SatO2 vary during the different stages of surgery. RHb levels are higher during clamping, when compared with the other two surgical stages. On the other hand, SatO2 is lower during clamping. Conclusions During carotid endarterectomy, NIRS is a feasible, real-time, and non-invasive intracranial monitoring method that accurately and reliably measures the changes in intracerebral capillary hemodynamic conditions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Monitoring, Intraoperative/instrumentation , Endarterectomy, Carotid/instrumentation , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Cerebrum/blood supply , Hemodynamic Monitoring/instrumentation , Intraoperative Period
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(7): 580-586, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787361

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Resection of the anterior clinoid process results in the creation of the clinoid space, an important surgical step in the exposure and clipping of clinoidal and supraclinoidal internal carotid artery aneurysms. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is an undesired and potentially serious complication. Conservative measures may be unsuccesful, and there is no consensus on the most appropriate surgical treatment. Two patients with persistent transclinoidal CSF rhinorrhea after aneurysm surgery were successfully treated with a combined endoscopic transnasal/transeptal binostril approach using a fat graft and ipsilateral mucosal nasal septal flap. Anatomical considerations and details of the surgical technique employed are discussed, and a management plan is proposed.


RESUMO A ressecção da clinóide anterior resulta na criação do espaço clinoideo, um passo cirúrgico importante na exposição e clipagem de aneurismas dos segmentos clinoideo e supraclinoideo da artéria carótida interna. Fístula liquórica é uma das complicaçoes mais indesejadas e é potencialmente grave. O manejo com medidas conservadoras pode ser bem sucedido, e não há consenso sobre o tratamento cirúrgico mais adequado. Dois pacientes com rinorréia persistente secundária a fistula liquórica transclinoidal após cirurgia de aneurisma foram tratados com sucesso por uma abordagem endoscópica combinada transnasal/transseptal binostril usando um enxerto de gordura e retalho de mucosa naso-septal ipsilateral. Considerações anatômicas e detalhes da técnica cirúrgica empregada são discutidos, e um plano de manejo destes tipo de fistula líquorica é proposto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/surgery , Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/etiology , Craniotomy/adverse effects , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Aneurysm/surgery , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Sphenoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Sphenoid Bone/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Carotid Artery Diseases/complications , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Aneurysm/complications , Nasal Septum/surgery
7.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(4): 314-319, Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-779805

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Paraclinoid aneurysms are lesions located adjacent to the clinoid and ophthalmic segments of the internal carotid artery. In recent years, flow diverter stents have been introduced as a better endovascular technique for treatment of these aneurysms. Method From 2009 to 2014, a total of 43 paraclinoid aneurysms in 43 patients were surgically clipped. We retrospectively reviewed the records of these patients to analyze clinical outcomes. Results Twenty-six aneurysms (60.5%) were ophthalmic artery aneurysms, while 17 were superior hypophyseal artery aneurysms (39.5%). The extradural approach to the clinoid process was used to clip these aneurysms. One hundred percent of aneurysms were clipped (complete exclusion in 100% on follow-up angiography). The length of follow-up ranged from 1 to 60 months (mean, 29.82 months). Conclusion Surgical clipping continues to be a good option for the treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms.


RESUMO Aneurismas paraclinóideos são lesões localizadas adjacentes aos segmentos clinóideos e oftálmicos da artéria carótia interna. Os stents desviadores de fluxo tem sido crescentemente aplicados com sucesso. Métodos De 2009 a 2014, um total de 43 aneurismas paraclinóideos foram clipados em 43 pacientes. Analisamos retrospectivamente os dados dos pacientes e desfechos clínicos. Resultados Vinte seis aneurismas (60,5%) foram de artéria oftálmica e 17 de artéria hipofisária superior (39,5%). O acesso extradural à clinóide foi utilizado para todos aneurismas. Cem por cento dos aneurismas foram clipados com oclusão de 100% na angiografia controle. O tempo de follow-up oscilou de 1 a 60 meses, com media de 29 meses. Conclusão A clipagem cirúrgica é uma opção boa e segura para o tratamento de aneurismas paraclinóideos.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Microsurgery/methods , Ophthalmic Artery/surgery , Vascular Surgical Procedures/methods , Cerebral Angiography , Carotid Artery, Internal , Carotid Artery, Internal/surgery , Intracranial Aneurysm , Microsurgery/instrumentation , Ophthalmic Artery , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Surgical Instruments , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Surgical Procedures/instrumentation
8.
J. vasc. bras ; 14(1): 84-87, Jan-Mar/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744453

ABSTRACT

Aneurysms of the supra-aortic trunks are rare conditions that can cause peripheral neurological conditions or embolization resulting in stroke. The upper airways can even be affected and rupture is potentially fatal. We present a case of a patient with an aneurysm of the carotid bifurcation who was treated conventionally with reconstruction of the carotid bifurcation using a venous patch. Surgical treatment enabled accurate histopathological diagnosis and anatomic correction of the carotid bifurcation...


Os aneurismas de troncos supra-aórticos são condições raras, que podem ocasionar alterações neurológicas periféricas ou embolizações com consequentes acidentes vasculares encefálicos. Também podem ocasionar alterações em vias aéreas superiores e sua ruptura é potencialmente fatal. Relatamos o caso de um paciente portador de aneurisma de artéria carótida no nível da bifurcação carotídea, tratado de forma convencional, com reconstrução da bifurcação com remendo venoso. O tratamento convencional dos aneurismas de troncos supra-aórticos permite o adequado diagnóstico histopatológico e a correção anatômica da bifurcação carotídea...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Aneurysm/surgery , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Carotid Artery Diseases/therapy , Vascular Surgical Procedures/rehabilitation , Follow-Up Studies , Heparin/administration & dosage , Hypertension/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
9.
West Indian med. j ; 62(7): 667-671, Sept. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045723

ABSTRACT

Extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysms are rare. They may result in thromboembolic phenomena but spontaneous rupture is rare. The clinical presentation may be an asymptomatic neck mass or there may be symptoms of upper aerodigestive tract compression. The diagnosis may be suspected on clinical examination but radiologic investigations play an important role in diagnosis as well as in assessing the risk of complications of surgical intervention. We present a case of a patient with an extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm, along with a short review of the treatment options.


Los aneurismas de la arteria carótida interna extracraneal son raros. Pueden ocasionar fenómenos tromboembólicos pero la ruptura espontánea no es común. La manifestación clínica puede ser una masa asintomático en el cuello, o pueden presentarse síntomas de compresión de las vías aerodigestivas superiores. Pueden producirse indicios para el diagnóstico a partir de sospechas durante el examen clínico, pero las investigaciones radiológicas desempeñan un papel importante a la hora de diagnosticar, y evaluar el riesgo de complicaciones de la intervención quirúrgica. Presentamos un caso de un paciente con un aneurisma de la arteria carótida interna extracraneal, junto con una breve reseña de las opciones de tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Vascular Surgical Procedures/methods , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery, Internal , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging , Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Renal Artery/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Carotid Artery, Internal/surgery , Carotid Artery, Internal/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Aneurysm/surgery
10.
Journal of the Royal Medical Services. 2012; 19 (1): 5-10
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-124888

ABSTRACT

To assess the frequency of significant carotid artery disease among the study group patients who underwent cardiac surgical procedures and highlight the importance of pre-operative Carotid Duplex Ultrasonography Scanning. This is a descriptive study which was conducted on a consecutive series of 102 Jordanian patients who underwent cardiac surgical procedures at Queen Alia Heart Institute between January and December 2009, and were pre-operatively examined for carotid artery disease. Median age of the study group patients was 63 [range 40-78] years, there were 84 males and 18 females, 76[74.5%] were hypertensive, 62[60.7%] diabetics, 67[65.6%] had history of smoking, 45[44%] had a Body Mass Index >30, 13[12.7%] had significant left main disease. Ten patients [9.8%] had a pre-operative history of transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident. Chi-square was used to determine significance of the study variables, P value<0.05 was considered significant. Seventeen patients [16.6%] were found to have 50% or greater stenosis of one or both carotid arteries whereas for an 80% or greater stenosis; it was 6[5.8%]. Frequency of a 50% or greater stenosis of one or both carotid arteries was 3[6.5%] in patients between age 60 and 69 years, increasing to 11[42.3%] for patients age of 70 years and older. Independant risk factors for the presence of >50% stenosis in one or both carotid arteries in this group of patients were a previous history of transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident, left main coronary disease, hypertension, history of smoking. Among 4 patients found to have concomitant significant carotid lesions and were hemodynamically stable with no critically stenotic coronary arteries, management was staged, carotid stenting was performed as a first stage in 2 patients and carotid endarterectomy was performed as a first stage in another 2 patients, cardiac procedures were performed successfully as a second stage in these 4 patients. Concomitant significant Carotid Artery Disease among the study group patients above the age of 70 who underwent cardiac procedures is relatively high, selective pre-operative Carotid Duplex Ultrasonography should be mandatory


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Preoperative Care , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Prevalence , Endarterectomy, Carotid
11.
J. vasc. bras ; 10(1): 3-8, mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-587787

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO: O tratamento cirúrgico da reestenose carotídea apresenta alta taxa de lesão neurológica. Contrariamente, o tratamento endovascular da doença obstrutiva carotídea extracraniana tem se tornado mais factível e gradualmente menores taxas de risco cirúrgico vêm sendo reportadas, tornando-se uma opção em situações especiais, e provavelmente poderá ser considerado o tratamento padrão para reestenose carotídea. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a aplicabilidade, a segurança e a eficácia da angioplastia com o uso do stent (ACS) no tratamento da reestenose carotídea (REC) no intraoperatório e no pós-operatório recente (<30 dias). MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos pacientes portadores de reestenose carotídea submetidos à angioplastia com stent no período de março 2000 a junho de 2004. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 19 pacientes com reestenose carotídea. Quatorze pacientes (74 por cento) eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 74 anos. Quinze (79 por cento) eram assintomáticos com estenose >80 por cento, enquanto quatro (21 por cento) eram sintomáticos com estenose >70 por cento. Apenas em um paciente não foi utilizado sistema de proteção cerebral. O sucesso técnico foi obtido em todos os casos. Não houve morte ou acidente vascular encefálico no intra ou no pós-operatório recente (30 dias). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento endovascular da reestenose carotídea mostrou-se uma abordagem factível e segura em curto prazo.


CONTEXT: The surgical treatment of carotid artery restenosis presents a high risk of nerve injury. On the contrary, endovascular treatment for extracranial carotid artery obstructive disease has become more feasible. Gradually, lower rates of surgical risk have been reported, which makes the treatment a good option in special situations. It may be considered as the standard treatment for carotid artery restenosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability, safety, and efficacy of the angioplasty with the use of a stent (Carotid Artery Stenting - CAS) for the treatment of carotid artery restenosis, in the intraoperative and early (<30 days) postoperative period. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients with carotid artery restenosis who have undergone stenting angioplasty from March 2000 to June 2004. RESULTS: Nineteen patients with carotid artery restenosis were analyzed. Fourteen (74 percent) patients were male, with a mean age of 74 years. Fifteen (79 percent) patients were asymptomatic, with stenosis >80 percent, whereas 4 (21 percent) were symptomatic with stenosis >70 percent. In only one patient a cerebral protection system was not used. Technical success was achieved in all cases. There was no death or stroke in the intraoperative or the early postoperative period (30 days). CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of carotid artery restenosis seems to be a feasible and safe approach in the short term.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Carotid Stenosis/etiology , Angioplasty, Balloon/methods
12.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 69(3): 249-254, dic. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-559565

ABSTRACT

El tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio es una lesión infrecuente, cuya importancia radica en ser diagnóstico diferencial de otras neoplasias. Se le ha relacionado con Infecciones, traumas, cirugías previas e ínmunosupresión, pero se cree que éstos sólo serían el evento ínidal que daría lugar a una serie de cascadas autoinmunes que perpetuarían al cuadro. Afecta a población infantil y adulta joven, con una edad media de aparición de 10 años, sin distinción de género. A continuación se presenta el caso de una mujer de 45 años de edad con diagnóstico de tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio de arteria carótida interna, resecado con embolización arterial selectiva previa. Además, se revisa la literatura al respecto.


The inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare condition, and its' relevant for being a differential diagnosis of many other neoplasms. It has been related with different infections, traumas, previous surgeries and immune deficiencies, but there are studies that support the theory that these factors are only the initial event of an autoimmune reaction that perpetuates the disease. It affects childs and young adults, with an average of 10 years old at the moment of presentation, without differences between genre. In this case, we reporta 45 year old woman, with an histological diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor related to the internal carotid artery, extirpated after an arterial selective embolization. Besides, we review the literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Granuloma, Plasma Cell/surgery , Embolization, Therapeutic , Carotid Artery Diseases/therapy , Granuloma, Plasma Cell/therapy , Treatment Outcome
13.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 67(2a): 278-283, June 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-517042

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe five cases of giant carotid cavernous aneurysms which evolved with spontaneous thrombosis of internal carotid artery (STICA), with emphasis at epidemiology, clinical presentation, natural history, related factors and neurological outcome. METHOD: There were 711 consecutives patients with 802 aneurysms with and without surgical treatment during a period of 19 years. We selected 35 patients with 40 carotid cavernous aneurysms (5 percent) of which 20 (50 percent) were giant aneurysms. Among those cases, 5 patients evolved with STICA (25 percent). Symptoms and findings at presentation were recorded and compared with those at outcome. RESULTS: Clinical presentation was commonly related to atherosclerotic factors such as elevated blood pressure (80 percent), diabetes mellitus (40 percent) and dislipidemy (40 percent). All patients presented with hemicranial headache, ophthalmparesy and retro bulbar pain, and after STICA all presented improvement of symptoms. After STICA, 4 patients had regression of deficit, 2 partial and 2 complete. Four patients had sensorial trigeminal neuropathy in V1 and V2 territories, also showing improvement of symptoms after STICA. CONCLUSION: STICA is a common outcome in giant carotid cavernous aneurysms, and is related with significant improvement of symptoms; however, it may be catastrophic for those patients without efficient collateral circulation.


OBJETIVO: Relatar cinco casos de aneurismas gigantes intracavernosos que evoluíram com trombose espontânea da artéria carótida interna (TEACI), estudando-se: prevalência, apresentação clínica, história natural, fatores associados e prognóstico neurológico. MÉTODO: Análise de 711 pacientes consecutivos com diagnóstico de 802 aneurismas cerebrais submetidos a tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico num período de 19 anos. Foram identificados 40 aneurismas intracavernosos, sendo que 20 desses eram gigantes. Dentre esses, 5 pacientes com aneurismas gigantes intracavernosos que evoluíram com TEACI (25 por cento). Os sintomas e sinais neurológicos da apresentação foram registrados e comparados ao término do acompanhamento. RESULTADOS: Todos pacientes apresentavam cefaléia hemicraniana, apresentavam oftalmoplegia e dor retro-orbitária. Freqüentemente estavam associados a fatores ateroscleróticos como HAS (80 por cento), diabetes melito (40 por cento) e dislipidemia (40 por cento) e após a TEACI evoluíram com melhora desses sintomas. Após a TEACI, 4 pacientes tiveram regressão do déficit, sendo que em 2 a regressão do déficit foi total. Quatro pacientes apresentavam hipostesia no território de V1 e V2. Todos apresentaram melhora desse sintoma. CONCLUSÃO: A TEACI é uma evolução comum em aneurismas intracavernosos gigantes, e está associada à melhora importante dos sintomas. No entanto pode ser catastrófica naqueles pacientes sem circulação colateral eficiente.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carotid Artery, Internal , Carotid Artery Diseases/complications , Carotid Artery Thrombosis/etiology , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Cerebral Angiography , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnosis , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
14.
Rev. chil. cir ; 60(6): 503-510, dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-512419

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El desarrollo de la cirugía endovascular (CE) ha permitido el tratamiento exitoso de la aterosclerosis carotídea en forma mínimamente invasiva. La endarterectomía sigue siendo la mejor alternativa terapéutica para la estenosis de la bifurcación carotídea, estando la CE reservada para pacientes considerados de alto riesgo médico o anatómico para la cirugía convencional. Objetivo: Analizar nuestros resultados iniciales con la CE aplicada a lesiones ateroscleróticas de la bifurcación carotídea. Estudio retrospectivo de base de datos prospectiva. Material y Método: Se revisan los antecedentes clínicos e imagenológicos de pacientes tratados con CE mediante angioplastía y stenting entre 2005-2007, por estenosis carotídea mayor de 70 por ciento. El seguimiento incluyó evaluación clínica y control periódico por imágenes. Resultados: Se realizó tratamiento en 11 pacientes por estenosis crítica (54,6 por ciento hombres, 70,6 años, rango: 61-76). La indicación terapéutica fue: alto riesgo médico (5), o anatómico (6). Alrededor de dos tercios de los pacientes consultaron por síntomas neurológicos. El éxito técnico fue de 100 por ciento, sin estenosis residual. En el período postoperatorio precoz una paciente tratada por re-estenosis carotídea sintomática presentó déficit isquémico hemisférico en zona limítrofe ipsilateral sin secuela clínica posterior (Rankin 0). La estada hospitalaria fue de 6 días (mediana, rango 2-25). No hubo isquemia miocárdica clínica ni mortalidad perioperatoria. Durante el seguimiento de 17,4 +/- 4,8 meses, no hubo mortalidad, déficit neurológico nuevo ni re-estenosis. Conclusión: La CE es una alternativa eficaz con riesgo razonable en seleccionados pacientes portadores de enfermedad aterosclerótica de la bifurcación carotídea con alto riesgo anatómico o médico para la cirugía convencional.


Summary: The development of endovascular surgery (ES) has allowed successful treatment of atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. Carotid endarterectomy continúes to be the option of choice for the treatment of carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis; ES is indicated in patients considered to be of high risk for conventional surgery based on medical or anatomical considerations. Aim: To analyze our early results with ES of atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. A retrospective study based on a prospective database. Material ano Method: A prospective database of medical records and image studies of all patients with carotid stenosis > 70 percent treated with angioplasty and stenting between 2005-2007 are reviewed. Follow-up included scheduled clinical visits and appropriate image studies. Results: Eleven patients were treated (54.6 percent men, 70.6 years, range: 61-76). Indication for ES was high medical (5) or anatomical (6) risk patients. Two thirds of the patients were symptomatic. Technical success without residual stenosis was achieved in all patients. One minor ipsilateral ischemic hemispheric déficit developed in the early postoperative period in one symptomatic patient treated for recurrent bifurcation stenosis, with full recovery at follow-up (Rankin 0). Median hospital stay was six days (2-25). No early mortality or clinical myocardial ischemia was observed. No mortality, brain ischemia ±or restenosis were recorded during the follow- up period (17.4 +/- 4.8 months). Conclusions: ES is an excellent alternative for the treatment of carotid bifurcation disease in selected high risk patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Angioplasty/methods , Endarterectomy, Carotid/methods , Carotid Stenosis/surgery , Stents , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Patient Selection , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies
15.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 37(4): 64-68, set.-dez. 2008. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-512812

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conhecer a prevalência e severidade da doença aterosclerótica da artéria carótida em pacientes com estenose significativa do tronco da artéria coronária esquerda (TCE) submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio.Métodos: A população estudada consistiu em 18 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio no Hospital São José de Criciúma (SC) de fevereiro de 2002 a novembro de 2006 devido à estenose no TCE. A ultra-sonografia (US) foi o exame de eleição para detectar estenose de artérias carótidas, e o cateterismo para detectar estenose do TCE. Resultados: O sexo masculino foi o mais prevalente (77,8%) e a idade média foi de 63,1 anos. O grau de estenose do TCE mais prevalente foi o de 90% em 27,8% dos pacientes. O segmento do TCE predominantemente lesado foi o terço distal em 72,2% dos casos. A US mostrou estenose em 33,3% das carótidas, independente de sua gravidade. Destes, 66,6% tinham, concomitantemente, lesão de carótida direita. Dentre os casos com aterosclerose de carótidas, metade possuía lesão bilateral e significativa (grau de estenose ≥70%). Os segmentos carotídeos mais acometidos foram o bulbo e a carótida interna em 66,6% dos casos. Conclusões: A literatura médica realça uma relação importante da doença aterosclerótica de carótidas com a lesão significativa do TCE. O rastreamento de estenose de carótidas é recomendado a todos os pacientes com aterosclerose de artérias coronárias.


Objectives: Know prevalence and severity of atherosclerotic disease of carotid artery in patients with significative stenosis of left coronary artery (LCA) submitted to myocadial revascularization surgery. Methods: The sample was composed by 18 patients submitted to myocadial evascularization surgery in São José Hospital from Criciúma, South Brazil, between February 2002 to November 2006 due to LCA stenosis. Ultrasonography (US) was the exam of choice to detect stenosis of carotid arteries and the Hearth Catheterization to detect stenosis of LCA. Results: Male sex was the most prevalent (77.8%) and the mean age was 63.1 years old. The LCA stenosis degree most prevalent was of 90% in 27.8% of patients. The LCA segment mainly lesioned was the distal third in 72.2% of the cases. US shows stenosis in 33.3% of carotids, independent of its gravity. Among this patients, 66,6% also had right carotid lesion. Between the cases with carotid atherosclerosis, half had bilateral and significative lesion (stenosis degree ≥70%). The carotid segments most affected was the bulb and internal carotid in 66.6% of the cases.Conclusions: The medical literature enhalces an important relation of carotid atherosclerotic disease with significative lesion of LCA. Screening of carotide stenosis is recommended to all patients with atherosclerosis in coronary arteries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Disease Progression , Carotid Artery Diseases , Carotid Stenosis , Myocardial Revascularization , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Carotid Artery Diseases/complications , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Carotid Artery Diseases/metabolism , Carotid Artery Diseases/mortality , Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology , Carotid Stenosis/surgery , Carotid Stenosis/diagnosis , Carotid Stenosis/pathology , Myocardial Revascularization/statistics & numerical data , Myocardial Revascularization/methods , Myocardial Revascularization
20.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 23(1): 70-77, jan.-mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-489702

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estudar os resultados da técnica descrita por Carreira et al. com utilização de perfusão cerebral seletiva bilateral (PCSAB) pelo isolamento do tronco braquiocefálico e artéria carótida esquerda. MÉTODOS: Quinze pacientes foram operados consecutivamente entre de junho de 2005 e setembro de 2007. Os dados foram analisados por programa informatizado Epi Info e significância estatística com p<0,05. RESULTADOS: No grupo analisado, 53,3 por cento dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino e a idade média era de 59,86±15,4 anos. Com relação à doença de base, 60 por cento dos pacientes apresentavam dissecção aguda do tipo A, 6,7 por cento tipo B e 33,3 por cento aneurisma da aorta e arco. O tempo médio de CEC e de anoxia foi de 177,6±39,4 e 135,9±34,0 minutos, respectivamente. Nesse grupo, 86,7 por cento dos pacientes não foram submetidos a parada circulatória total, com tempo médio de PCSA unilateral e bilateral de 10,9±2,0 e 57,2±21,2 minutos, respectivamente. A temperatura média da hipotermia foi de 23,0±2,9ºC. A artéria subclávia esquerda foi ligada em dois (13,3 por cento) pacientes, e nove (60 por cento) foram submetidos a anastomoses proximal e distal com tubos separados. Utilizou-se endoprótese vascular na aorta descendente em quatro (26,7 por cento) pacientes. Três (20 por cento) pacientes morreram, todos do subgrupo de dissecção aguda. Nenhum dos sobreviventes apresentou seqüelas neurológicas, com média de acompanhamento tardio de 11,7±9,6 meses. Nenhum dos fatores estudados apresentou relação estatisticamente significativa com a mortalidade (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A técnica de PCSAB é reprodutível e apresenta resultados semelhantes aos da literatura mundial. A excelente evolução neurológica e o fácil controle de sangramentos nas linhas de sutura podem ter contribuído com os resultados obtidos.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of a technique described by Carreira et al. using bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion by isolating the brachiocephalic trunk and the left carotid artery. METHODS: Fifteen patients were operated between June 2005 and September 2007. Data analysis were performed using Epi Info and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Of the 15 patients, 53.3 percent were male; mean age was 59.86±15.4 years; 60 percent presented with type A acute aortic dissection; 6.7 percent type B; and 33.3 percent aneurysm of aorta and arch. Mean CPB and aortic clamping time was 177.6±39.4 and 135.9±34.0 minutes, respectively. In this group, 86.7 percent were not submitted to total circulatory arrest, with mean unilateral and bilateral selective cerebral perfusion time of 10.9±2.0 and 57.2±21.2 minutes, respectively. Mean hypothermic temperature was 23.0±2.9ºC. Two had left subclavian artery ligature, 60 percent used separated aortic grafts, and four used aortic endoprosthesis. Three (20 percent) patients died, all of them in the acute aortic dissection group. There were no neurological complications. The mean follow up time was 11.7±9.6 months. Regarding mortality, none of the parameters were statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The technique of bilateral selective cerebral perfusion described by Carreira et al. can be performed by others and presents similar results to the international literature. The excellent neurological outcome and easy bleeding control on surgical sutures lines are the major advantages of this new procedure.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Aortic Dissection/surgery , Aortic Aneurysm/surgery , Brachiocephalic Trunk/surgery , Cardiopulmonary Bypass/methods , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology , Brachiocephalic Trunk/physiopathology , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Carotid Arteries , Cardiopulmonary Bypass/standards , Follow-Up Studies , Hypothermia, Induced , Young Adult
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